Pagina 7 di 10
Componenti chimici dell'Iperico
Chimica
L'Iperico ha una composizione chimica estremamente complessa e variegata. Tra i vari tipi di Iperico. l'H. perforatum è stato studiato più intensamente, ma non vi sono dati disponibili completi su 66 altre specie. I composti che sono stati identificati nell'H. perforatum possono essere suddivisi in diverse classi, che sono riassunti con le loro attività farmacologica nella tabella 1.
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Table 1. Summary of Constituents and Activity from Hypericum perforatum
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| Constituents & References |
Activity & References |
|
| Dianthrone derivatives 35,36,37 hypreicin, pseudohypericin, frangula-emodin anthranol (and a mixture of the precursors, proto-hypericin & hypericodehydrodianthrone |
38,39 photodynamic, anti-depressive (MOA inhibitor), anti-viral |
|
| Flavanols 40,41 (+)-catechin (+polymers: condensed tannis), leucocyanidin, (-)-epicatechin (total tannin content is 6.5-1.5%) |
42 astringent, anti-inflammatory, styptic, anti-viral |
|
| Flavinoids 43,44,45,46,47,48,49, hyperoside (hyperin), quercetin, isoquercetin, rutin, methyhespericin, iso-quercitrin, quercitrin, I-3/II-8-biapigenin, kaempferol |
50,51,52,53,54 capilary-strenghening, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, cholagogic, dilates coronary, arteries, sedative, tumor inhibition, antitumor, antidiarrheal |
|
| Xanthones55 xanthonolignoid compound (roots) |
56,57,58 generally, xanthones exhibit anti-depressant, antitubercular, choleretic, diuretic, antimicrobial, antiviral and cardiotonic activity |
|
| Coumarins 59 umbelliferone, scopoletin |
-- | |
| Phenolic corboxylic acids 60,61 caffieic acid, chrlorogenic acid, genistic acid, ferulic acid |
-- | |
| Phloroglucinol derivatives 62,63,64 hyperforin |
65 anti-bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) |
|
Essential oil components
a-pinene, B-pinene, myreene, limonene
caryophyllen, humulene |
66,67 (small amounts--0.05-0.3%); the physiological activity of mono-and sespuiterpenes are reviewed elsewhere; H. perforatum essential oil is antifungal |
|
| n-Alkanes 71,72 methyl-2-octane, n-nonane,methyl1-2-decane, n-undecane, all in the series C16-C29(especially nonacosane) |
-- | |
| n-Alkanols 73 0.42% of total dried herb: 1-tetracosanol (9.7%), 1-hexacosanol (27.4%), 1-octacosanol (39.4%), 1-triacontanol (23.4%) |
74,75,76,77,78,79,80 health products including octacosanol are sold in Japan and the U.S. as "metabolic stimulants" (Japanese studies show it stimulates feeding of silkworm larvae; studies with neurological disorders (Parkinson's, ALS, MS) show mixed results |
|
| Carotenoids81 epoxyxanthophylls |
82 available oxygen in xanthophylls may explain burn-healing activity |
|
| Phytosterols 83 B-sitosterol |
